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[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-68px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-31px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Lactic acid, a naturally occurring α-hydroxy acid, is a pivotal bio-based chemical widely produced via microbial fermentation. It has gained prominence as a green platform molecule...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-106px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is a versatile aromatic compound used as a preservative, polymer monomer, and pharmaceutical intermediate. Structurally, it consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-69px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-31px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a top-ranked bio-based platform chemical recognized by the U.S. Department of Energy. Structurally analogous to terephthalic acid, FDCA contains a furan ring...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-96px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Polyamides, commonly known as nylons, are high-performance engineering plastics used in automotive, textiles, electronics, 3D printing, and packaging. Traditionally, they are synthesized from petroleum-derived monomers like adipic...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-64px|auto||auto||" custom_padding="0px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-7px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Levoglucosanol (LGA) is a promising bio-based diol derived from levoglucosenone (LGO), a chiral platform molecule obtained from cellulose pyrolysis. Structurally, LGA is a reduced form...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-90px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Acrylic acid is a vital monomer used in superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), paints, adhesives, coatings, and textiles. The global demand for acrylic acid is rapidly growing, but its...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" min_height="3888.2px" custom_margin="-103px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Styrene is a vital aromatic monomer primarily used in the production of polystyrene plastics, ABS resins, synthetic rubber, and insulation materials. Traditionally, styrene is synthesized through...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-100px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Lactic acid is a versatile organic acid used in bioplastics (PLA), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preservatives. Traditionally produced using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) under controlled pH and...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-72px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-27px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a key bio-based platform chemical recognized for its versatility in producing acrylic acid, bioplastics, and specialty polymers. It features both hydroxyl (-OH)...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Itaconic acid (IA) is a promising bio-based platform chemical used in the production of biodegradable plastics, resins, adhesives, coatings, and superabsorbent polymers. Traditionally derived via fermentation, itaconic...