Insights
Bio-based Production of Adipic Acid from Sugars
Introduction Adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) is a key industrial dicarboxylic acid primarily used in the production of nylon-6,6, polyurethanes,...
Bio-based Production of Ethylene from Ethanol
Introduction Ethylene is the world’s most produced organic compound, acting as a key building block for plastics (like polyethylene), antifreeze,...
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Biobased Acrylonitrile
Introduction Acrylonitrile is a critical industrial monomer used in producing ABS plastics (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), carbon fiber...
Microbial Production of Terephthalic Acid (TPA)
Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a vital aromatic dicarboxylic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate...
Metabolic Engineering for Biobased 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HP)
Introduction 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a highly versatile C3 platform chemical with applications in biodegradable plastics, acrylic acid,...
Fermentation-Derived Isosorbide Production
Introduction Isosorbide is a renewable, rigid, and thermally stable bicyclic diol derived from glucose. It plays a key role in the production of...
Biological Production of Biobased Epoxides
Introduction Epoxides are reactive three-membered cyclic ethers that serve as versatile intermediates in the production of plastics, resins,...
Enzyme Engineering for Biobased Dicarboxylic Acids
Introduction Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are essential platform chemicals used in polyesters, nylons, resins, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. Common...
Microbial Pathways for Biobased Glycolic Acid
Introduction Glycolic acid is a small organic acid (C₂H₄O₃) widely used in cosmetics, biodegradable polymers (like PGA), food processing, leather...
Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria for Furanics Production
Introduction Furanics are a class of oxygenated heterocyclic compounds derived from biomass sugars, offering great potential as building blocks for...
Biocatalytic Conversion of Sugars to Levulinic Acid
Introduction Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile C5 platform chemical, recognized by the US Department of Energy as one of the top bio-based building...
Latest Casino Game Demo Singapore: Try Before You Play with the Region’s Best Gaming Experiences
In the fast-growing world of online gaming, players across Singapore, Malaysia, India, Australia, and Thailand are showing a growing interest in...
Casino Game Reviews Southeast Asia 2025: What Players Are Loving This Year
In 2025, the online casino scene across Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and even Australia is evolving faster than ever. With new titles,...
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Feedstock for CBG Production
Key Questions Answered in this Section What types of materials make up lignocellulosic biomass for CBG production? What components in...
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Ethanol Production
Key Questions Answered in this Section What is lignocellulosic feedstock? Why is lignocellulosic biomass sustainable for ethanol? Why is...