Insights
Fermentation of Biomass to Methacrylic Acid
Introduction Methacrylic acid (MAA) is a crucial monomer in the production of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic glass, used in...
Biogas Upgrading to Renewable Natural Gas via Biological Methods
Introduction Biogas, produced through anaerobic digestion of organic waste, contains roughly 50–65% methane (CH₄) and 35–50% carbon dioxide (CO₂),...
Microbial Synthesis of Hydroxyacids
Introduction Hydroxyacids are organic compounds containing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group. These versatile...
Metabolic Pathway Diversification in Microalgae for Biofuels
Introduction Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms known for their fast growth, high lipid content, and ability to fix CO₂, making...
Biological Pathways for Dodecanedioic Acid
Introduction Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) is a 12-carbon aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with key applications in high-performance nylons (e.g.,...
Electrofuels: Microbial Electrosynthesis for Biofuel Production
Introduction Electrofuels, also called e-fuels, are liquid fuels generated by storing electrical energy—typically from renewable sources—into...
Bio-based Isopropanol via Fermentation: A Renewable Route to a Key Solvent and Fuel Additive
Introduction Isopropanol (IPA), also known as isopropyl alcohol, is a widely used solvent and chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals, personal...
Anaerobic Bioconversion of CO₂ to Methanol
Introduction Methanol is a critical chemical and fuel intermediate, used in formaldehyde, plastics, fuels, adhesives, and hydrogen carriers....
Bio-based Production of Caprolactam
Introduction Caprolactam is the key building block for nylon-6, a widely used synthetic polymer in textiles, automotive parts, electronics, and...
Biofabrication of Renewable Polyesters
Introduction Polyesters—widely used in textiles, packaging, and engineering plastics—are typically made from fossil-based monomers like terephthalic...
Cell-Free Biosystems for Biochemical Production
Introduction Modern biotechnology has long relied on microbial cell factories for producing valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. However,...
Biosynthetic Pathways for Biobased Ethylene
Introduction Ethylene (C₂H₄) is the world’s most produced organic chemical, forming the backbone of plastics, solvents, textiles, and packaging....
Microbial Production of Renewable Acrylic Acid
Introduction Acrylic acid is a high-demand industrial monomer used in superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), paints, coatings, adhesives, and textiles....
Engineered Microorganisms for Biopolymer Precursors
Introduction As the world transitions toward sustainable materials, biopolymers have emerged as critical alternatives to conventional plastics. They...
Synthetic Pathways for Biobased Butadiene
Introduction Butadiene is a vital building block in the chemical industry, used to make synthetic rubber (e.g., styrene-butadiene rubber), ABS...