Insights
Biofabrication of Renewable Polyesters
Introduction Polyesters—widely used in textiles, packaging, and engineering plastics—are typically made from fossil-based monomers like terephthalic...
Cell-Free Biosystems for Biochemical Production
Introduction Modern biotechnology has long relied on microbial cell factories for producing valuable chemicals, fuels, and materials. However,...
Biosynthetic Pathways for Biobased Ethylene
Introduction Ethylene (C₂H₄) is the world’s most produced organic chemical, forming the backbone of plastics, solvents, textiles, and packaging....
Microbial Production of Renewable Acrylic Acid
Introduction Acrylic acid is a high-demand industrial monomer used in superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), paints, coatings, adhesives, and textiles....
Engineered Microorganisms for Biopolymer Precursors
Introduction As the world transitions toward sustainable materials, biopolymers have emerged as critical alternatives to conventional plastics. They...
Synthetic Pathways for Biobased Butadiene
Introduction Butadiene is a vital building block in the chemical industry, used to make synthetic rubber (e.g., styrene-butadiene rubber), ABS...
Enzyme-Based Carbon Capture for Fuels
Introduction As global carbon emissions rise, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is gaining momentum—particularly methods that convert waste CO₂...
Photofermentation for Bioethanol Production
Introduction Bioethanol is one of the most widely used biofuels, traditionally produced through fermentation of sugars by yeast. However,...
Microbial Synthesis of Biobased Surfactants
Introduction Surfactants (surface-active agents) are key ingredients in detergents, personal care, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals, helping to...
Advanced Microbial Pathways for Polyamide Production
Introduction Polyamides, commonly known as nylons, are versatile polymers used in textiles, automotive parts, packaging, and engineering plastics....
Bio-catalytic Conversion of Lignin to Aromatics
Introduction Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose, comprising up to 30% of plant biomass. It is a highly branched,...
Bioelectrochemical Systems for Methane Production
Introduction Methane (CH₄) is the primary component of biogas, widely used as a renewable energy source for cooking, electricity, heating, and...
Biological Production of Succinic Acid
Introduction Succinic acid is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid (C₄H₆O₄) recognized as one of the top 12 platform chemicals by the U.S. Department of...
Metabolic Pathway Engineering for Terpenes
Introduction Terpenes are a diverse class of naturally occurring hydrocarbons built from isoprene units (C₅H₈) and include monoterpenes,...
Bioconversion of CO₂ to Acetate
Introduction Acetate is a versatile two-carbon (C₂) molecule widely used in solvents, plastics, food preservatives, and as a chemical building...