Insights
Fatty Acid Synthase for Hydrocarbons
Introduction Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a multi-enzyme complex that plays a central role in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids from simple...
Enzyme Discovery for Lignin Valorization
Introduction Lignin, one of the three primary components of plant biomass (alongside cellulose and hemicellulose), is a highly complex, aromatic...
CRISPR for Biochemical Optimization
Introduction CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a genome editing technology that allows precise, efficient, and...
Thermochemical Conversion to Biocrude
Introduction Thermochemical conversion refers to processes that use heat and chemical reactions to transform biomass into fuel-like products. One...
PHA Production Pathways: Microbial Plastics for a Circular Bioeconomy
Introduction Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biodegradable, bio-based polyesters synthesized naturally by bacteria as intracellular...
Fermentative Butanol Production
Introduction Fermentative butanol production refers to the microbial conversion of sugars and biomass into n-butanol, a four-carbon alcohol that...
Isoprenoid Engineering
Introduction Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, represent one of the largest and most diverse classes of natural compounds, with over 80,000...
Synthetic Biobased Solvents: Greener Chemistry for a Sustainable Future
Introduction Solvents are a critical component of industrial processes, used across paints, coatings, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, adhesives, and...
Aromatic Amino Acids for Flavors
Introduction Aromatic amino acids (AAAs)—primarily phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan—are key building blocks in biology and crucial precursors...
Microbial Factories for Vitamin Production
Introduction Vitamins are essential micronutrients required for human health, but many cannot be synthesized by the body and must be sourced...
Biocatalytic Conversion of Syngas to Liquid Fuels
Introduction Syngas—a mixture of CO, CO₂, and H₂—is a valuable intermediate generated from gasification of biomass, municipal solid waste, or...
Microbial Consortia for Syngas Fermentation
Introduction Syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen (H₂), is generated from gasification of biomass,...
Advanced Fermentation Technologies for Butanol Production
Introduction Butanol, a four-carbon alcohol, is gaining renewed interest as a next-generation biofuel and green industrial solvent. It offers...
Integrated Algal Biofuel and Bioproducts Production Systems
Introduction Algae—micro or macro, photoautotrophic or heterotrophic—are versatile biological factories capable of producing lipids, carbohydrates,...
Photoautotrophic Microorganisms for Biofuel Production
Introduction As the world seeks carbon-neutral alternatives to fossil fuels, photoautotrophic microorganisms—organisms that use light as an energy...