Insights
Combustion
Combustion is the direct thermochemical conversion of biomass into heat by reacting it with an excess supply of oxygen. During the process, the...
Torrefaction
Torrefaction is a mild thermochemical pretreatment technology that upgrades biomass into a more energy-dense, hydrophobic, and coal-like solid fuel...
Gasification
Gasification is a thermochemical conversion technology that converts carbon-rich biomass into a combustible gas known as synthesis gas (syngas) by...
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological conversion technology that breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas—a...
Fischer Tropsch
Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a catalytic fuel production technology that converts synthesis gas (syngas)—a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and...
Hydrothermal Liquefaction
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an advanced thermochemical conversion technology that transforms wet biomass into energy-dense biocrude oil under...
Transesterification
Transesterification is the most widely used technology for producing biodiesel, converting vegetable oils, animal fats, used cooking oil, and other...
Fermentation
Fermentation is a biological conversion process that uses microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and fungi to transform renewable biomass into...
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion process in which organic materials are heated to elevated temperatures in the complete or near-complete...
Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)
FDCA is a bio-based platform chemical that serves as a renewable alternative to terephthalic acid (TPA), the key monomer in polyethylene...
Vanillin Production from Lignin via Enzymatic or Chemical Conversion
Vanillin, the primary component of vanilla flavor, is widely used in food, beverages, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals. Traditionally sourced from...
Polyethylene Furanoate (PEF) Production from FDCA and Ethylene Glycol
Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) is a 100% bio-based polyester made from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol (EG). Often dubbed the...
Renewable Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile bio-based platform chemical derived from sugars, acting as a critical intermediate for the production of...
Bio-based Triethyl Citrate (TEC)
Triethyl citrate (TEC) is a biodegradable, non-toxic plasticizer and solvent used in pharmaceutical coatings, cosmetics, food additives (E number...
How Bio-sourced Methanol is Produced
Bio-methanol production typically uses biogenic carbon sources to generate synthesis gas (syngas), which is catalytically converted into methanol....