Insights
Itaconic Acid
Introduction Itaconic acid (IA) is a renewable, bio-based organic acid gaining attention as a green alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals.It...
Levulinic Acid from Cellulose
Levulinic acid (C₅H₈O₃) is a versatile platform chemical finding use in biofuels, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and specialty chemicals...
Isoprene from Sugar
Isoprene (C5H8), a volatile hydrocarbon, is a crucial precursor for synthetic rubber, adhesives, and biofuels. Traditionally sourced from petroleum,...
Electro-Fermentation for Organic Acids
Introduction Organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid, succinate, and propionate are key platform chemicals used in bioplastics, food additives,...
Sustainable Pathways for Biobased Terephthalic Acid
Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a cornerstone of the global plastics industry, serving as the key monomer in polyethylene terephthalate...
Synthetic Biology for Biobased Polyisoprene
Introduction Polyisoprene is the primary polymer in natural rubber, extensively used in tires, footwear, medical gloves, adhesives, and automotive...
Microbial Production of Muconic Acid
Introduction Muconic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with immense industrial value. It serves as a precursor for adipic acid, terephthalic...
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Itaconic Acid Derivatives
Introduction Itaconic acid is a renewable unsaturated dicarboxylic acid produced by fermentation of sugars, especially by Aspergillus terreus and...
Metabolic Engineering for Renewable Propylene Glycol
Introduction Propylene glycol (PG) is a widely used chemical intermediate in industries like cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, plastics, and...
Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass to Adipic Acid
Introduction Adipic acid is a key dicarboxylic acid used in the production of nylon-6,6, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and coatings. Globally, over 3...
Fermentation of Non-food Biomass to Fatty Acids
Introduction Fatty acids are essential building blocks for biofuels, bioplastics, lubricants, surfactants, and oleochemicals. Traditionally, these...
Engineered Algae for Biolubricants
Introduction Biolubricants are renewable, biodegradable, and less toxic alternatives to petroleum-based lubricants, widely used in automotive...
Synthetic Biology for Bio-based Isoprene
Introduction Isoprene is a five-carbon (C5) unsaturated hydrocarbon used predominantly in the production of synthetic rubber, especially...
How to Crush It as a Casino Affiliate in India
Yo, what’s good? If you’re itching to make some serious cash in India’s online gaming boom, being a casino affiliate is where it’s at. With players...
Why You Should Jump into the High Traffic Gambling Affiliate Game in Australia
G’day, you bloody legend! If you’re sniffing around for a business idea with more spark than a barbie on Australia Day, then becoming a high traffic...