Insights
Enzyme Engineering for Biobased Dicarboxylic Acids
Introduction Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are essential platform chemicals used in polyesters, nylons, resins, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. Common...
Microbial Pathways for Biobased Glycolic Acid
Introduction Glycolic acid is a small organic acid (C₂H₄O₃) widely used in cosmetics, biodegradable polymers (like PGA), food processing, leather...
Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria for Furanics Production
Introduction Furanics are a class of oxygenated heterocyclic compounds derived from biomass sugars, offering great potential as building blocks for...
Biocatalytic Conversion of Sugars to Levulinic Acid
Introduction Levulinic acid (LA) is a versatile C5 platform chemical, recognized by the US Department of Energy as one of the top bio-based building...
Biotechnological Production of Biobased Polyesters
Introduction Polyesters are a major class of polymers used in packaging, textiles, automotive parts, coatings, and biodegradable plastics....
Microbial Pathways for Phloroglucinol
Introduction Phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) is a symmetrical, aromatic compound used in pharmaceuticals, dyes, explosives, adhesives, and...
Microbial Pathways for Biobased Polyurethane Precursors
Introduction Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers widely used in foams, coatings, elastomers, adhesives, and sealants, forming an integral...
Bio-based Synthesis of Lactic Acid Derivatives
Introduction Lactic acid, a naturally occurring α-hydroxy acid, is a pivotal bio-based chemical widely produced via microbial fermentation. It has...
Fermentation Pathways for 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (4-HBA)
Introduction 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is a versatile aromatic compound used as a preservative, polymer monomer, and pharmaceutical...
Bio-based 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)
Introduction 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a top-ranked bio-based platform chemical recognized by the U.S. Department of Energy. Structurally...
Biotechnological Production of Biobased Polyamides
Introduction Polyamides, commonly known as nylons, are high-performance engineering plastics used in automotive, textiles, electronics, 3D printing,...
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Levoglucosanol
Introduction Levoglucosanol (LGA) is a promising bio-based diol derived from levoglucosenone (LGO), a chiral platform molecule obtained from...
Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Acrylic Acid
Introduction Acrylic acid is a vital monomer used in superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), paints, adhesives, coatings, and textiles. The global demand...
Engineered Yeast for Biobased Styrene
Introduction Styrene is a vital aromatic monomer primarily used in the production of polystyrene plastics, ABS resins, synthetic rubber, and...
Genetically Modified Yeast for Lactic Acid Production
Introduction Lactic acid is a versatile organic acid used in bioplastics (PLA), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preservatives. Traditionally...