Insights
Glycolic Acid from Biomass: A Sustainable Route to High-Purity AHA
Glycolic acid (GA) is a high-demand α-hydroxy acid used in cosmetics, cleaners, biodegradable polymers, and drug delivery systems. Traditionally...
Nylon 11 from Castor Oil
Nylon 11, also known as polyamide 11 (PA11), is a high-performance engineering plastic known for its chemical resistance, flexibility, and...
Bioethylene from Ethanol
Ethylene is a foundational petrochemical used to produce plastics (especially polyethylene), solvents, and antifreeze. Global production exceeds 220...
Renewable Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a type of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) — a biodegradable polyester naturally synthesized by microorganisms as an...
Bio-based Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid is a four-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid used in food acidulants (E297), resins, polyesters, and pharmaceuticals. Conventionally...
Biobased Epoxy Resins Production from Epoxidized Vegetable Oils
Epoxy resins are widely used in coatings, adhesives, composites, electronics, and construction due to their strong chemical resistance, thermal...
Bio-based Succinic Acid
Succinic acid, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid, is a high-demand platform chemical used in biodegradable plastics, coatings, solvents, and food...
Itaconic Acid
Introduction Itaconic acid (IA) is a renewable, bio-based organic acid gaining attention as a green alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals.It...
Levulinic Acid from Cellulose
Levulinic acid (C₅H₈O₃) is a versatile platform chemical finding use in biofuels, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, solvents, and specialty chemicals...
Isoprene from Sugar
Isoprene (C5H8), a volatile hydrocarbon, is a crucial precursor for synthetic rubber, adhesives, and biofuels. Traditionally sourced from petroleum,...
Electro-Fermentation for Organic Acids
Introduction Organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid, succinate, and propionate are key platform chemicals used in bioplastics, food additives,...
Sustainable Pathways for Biobased Terephthalic Acid
Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a cornerstone of the global plastics industry, serving as the key monomer in polyethylene terephthalate...
Synthetic Biology for Biobased Polyisoprene
Introduction Polyisoprene is the primary polymer in natural rubber, extensively used in tires, footwear, medical gloves, adhesives, and automotive...
Microbial Production of Muconic Acid
Introduction Muconic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with immense industrial value. It serves as a precursor for adipic acid, terephthalic...
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Itaconic Acid Derivatives
Introduction Itaconic acid is a renewable unsaturated dicarboxylic acid produced by fermentation of sugars, especially by Aspergillus terreus and...