[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-75px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-21px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Organic acids like lactic acid, acetic acid, succinate, and propionate are key platform chemicals used in bioplastics, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and chemical synthesis. Conventionally produced via...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-70px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a cornerstone of the global plastics industry, serving as the key monomer in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) used for bottles, fibers, textiles,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-74px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Polyisoprene is the primary polymer in natural rubber, extensively used in tires, footwear, medical gloves, adhesives, and automotive components. Traditionally sourced from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis),...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-64px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Muconic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with immense industrial value. It serves as a precursor for adipic acid, terephthalic acid, caprolactam, and nylon derivatives, making it...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-65px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Itaconic acid is a renewable unsaturated dicarboxylic acid produced by fermentation of sugars, especially by Aspergillus terreus and engineered strains of Ustilago maydis or E. coli. Recognized...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-66px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-23px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Propylene glycol (PG) is a widely used chemical intermediate in industries like cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food, plastics, and antifreeze. Conventionally derived from petroleum-based propylene oxide, its production...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-73px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Adipic acid is a key dicarboxylic acid used in the production of nylon-6,6, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and coatings. Globally, over 3 million tons of adipic acid are produced...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-61px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-32px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Fatty acids are essential building blocks for biofuels, bioplastics, lubricants, surfactants, and oleochemicals. Traditionally, these are derived from palm oil, soybean oil, and animal fats, which...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-77px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Biolubricants are renewable, biodegradable, and less toxic alternatives to petroleum-based lubricants, widely used in automotive engines, hydraulic systems, industrial machinery, and marine applications. Traditionally derived from vegetable...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-86px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Isoprene is a five-carbon (C5) unsaturated hydrocarbon used predominantly in the production of synthetic rubber, especially polyisoprene, which mimics the properties of natural rubber. Conventional isoprene is...