Microbial Synthesis of Biobased Nylons

Introduction Nylons (polyamides) are high-performance engineering plastics used in automotive parts, textiles, electronics, and packaging. Conventional nylon production relies on petrochemical monomers like adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine, contributing to high...

Production of Biobased Caprolactam via Fermentation

Introduction Caprolactam is a vital intermediate chemical used almost exclusively for manufacturing nylon-6, a widely used engineering polymer in textiles, automotive, industrial fibers, and packaging. Traditional production methods are petrochemical-intensive,...

Bio-based Production of Ethylene from Ethanol

Introduction Ethylene is the world’s most produced organic compound, acting as a key building block for plastics (like polyethylene), antifreeze, synthetic rubber, surfactants, and solvents. Traditionally derived from naphtha or ethane steam cracking, ethylene...

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Biobased Acrylonitrile

Introduction Acrylonitrile is a critical industrial monomer used in producing ABS plastics (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), carbon fiber precursors, nitrile rubber, and acrylamide polymers. It’s conventionally synthesized via the petroleum-based SOHIO process, which...

Microbial Production of Terephthalic Acid (TPA)

Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a vital aromatic dicarboxylic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—the world’s most widely used plastic in bottles, textiles, films, and packaging. Conventionally, TPA is synthesized...