Category : bioenergy

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-100px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process where microorganisms break down organic matter—such as food waste, manure, or sewage sludge—in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas (mainly methane and...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-95px|||||" custom_padding="0px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Syngas fermentation is an emerging biotechnological solution that converts synthesis gas—a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen (H₂)—into sustainable biofuels and value-added chemicals. Using specialized...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-91px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a multi-enzyme complex that plays a central role in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids from simple building blocks like acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Fatty...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-93px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Lignin, one of the three primary components of plant biomass (alongside cellulose and hemicellulose), is a highly complex, aromatic polymer that provides structural integrity and resistance to microbial degradation....

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-99px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a genome editing technology that allows precise, efficient, and programmable modification of DNA in living organisms. Since its discovery as a...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-97px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Thermochemical conversion refers to processes that use heat and chemical reactions to transform biomass into fuel-like products. One such product is biocrude—a thick, viscous, petroleum-like liquid that can be...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-93px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of biodegradable, bio-based polyesters synthesized naturally by bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage materials. PHAs are attracting global attention as sustainable alternatives to...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-95px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Fermentative butanol production refers to the microbial conversion of sugars and biomass into n-butanol, a four-carbon alcohol that functions as a biofuel and industrial solvent. Historically part of the...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-90px|||||" global_colors_info="{}" min_height="3895.6px"]Introduction Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, represent one of the largest and most diverse classes of natural compounds, with over 80,000 identified structures. They are built from five-carbon units—isopentenyl...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Solvents are a critical component of industrial processes, used across paints, coatings, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, adhesives, and cleaning agents. However, most traditional solvents are derived from petrochemicals, contributing to air...