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Category : cow shelters


Microbial Production of Succinic Acid from Lignocellulose

By Narsi | July 18, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-15px|||||"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-85px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Succinic acid is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid used as a platform chemical in industries ranging from bioplastics (PBS), pharmaceuticals, solvents, to food and cosmetics. Traditionally derived...


Bio-based Production of Adipic Acid from Sugars

By Narsi | July 18, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-89px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) is a key industrial dicarboxylic acid primarily used in the production of nylon-6,6, polyurethanes, plasticizers, and resins. Conventionally produced from petroleum-based cyclohexane via...


Bio-based Production of Azelaic Acid

By Narsi | July 18, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-66px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-34px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid) is a naturally occurring C9 dicarboxylic acid valued for its applications in personal care (acne treatments, skin lightening), polymer manufacturing, lubricants, and...


Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid

By Narsi | July 18, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-67px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}" custom_padding="3px|||||"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0" custom_margin="-2px|||||"]Introduction Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), also known as 2-oxoglutarate, is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, essential for cellular respiration, nitrogen metabolism, and biosynthesis...


Bio-based Production of Ethylene from Ethanol

By Narsi | July 18, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-58px|auto||auto||" custom_padding="0px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" min_height="3901.4px" custom_margin="-14px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Ethylene is the world’s most produced organic compound, acting as a key building block for plastics (like polyethylene), antifreeze, synthetic rubber, surfactants, and solvents....


Biocatalytic Synthesis of Biobased Acrylonitrile

By Narsi | July 8, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_padding="3px|||||" custom_margin="-97px|||||" sticky_enabled="0" inline_fonts="Aboreto"]Introduction Acrylonitrile is a critical industrial monomer used in producing ABS plastics (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), carbon fiber precursors, nitrile rubber, and acrylamide polymers. It’s conventionally synthesized...


Microbial Production of Terephthalic Acid (TPA)

By Narsi | July 8, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-58px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-42px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Terephthalic acid (TPA) is a vital aromatic dicarboxylic acid, used primarily in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—the world’s most widely used plastic in bottles, textiles,...


Metabolic Engineering for Biobased 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid (3-HP)

By admin | July 8, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-71px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-25px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a highly versatile C3 platform chemical with applications in biodegradable plastics, acrylic acid, solvents, and specialty chemicals. Traditionally, 3-HP is synthesized from...


Fermentation-Derived Isosorbide Production

By Narsi | July 8, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-76px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Isosorbide is a renewable, rigid, and thermally stable bicyclic diol derived from glucose. It plays a key role in the production of bioplastics (like polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate,...


Biological Production of Biobased Epoxides

By Narsi | July 8, 2025 | Innovation Insights

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-76px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0" inline_fonts="Abyssinica SIL"]Introduction Epoxides are reactive three-membered cyclic ethers that serve as versatile intermediates in the production of plastics, resins, adhesives, surfactants, and pharmaceuticals. Among them, ethylene oxide,...