Gasification

Gasification is a thermochemical conversion technology that converts carbon-rich biomass into a combustible gas known as synthesis gas (syngas) by reacting it with a controlled amount of oxygen, air, steam, or a combination of these gasifying agents at high...

Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological conversion technology that breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas—a renewable mixture primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide—and a nutrient-rich residue known as digestate. Using...

Fischer Tropsch

Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a catalytic fuel production technology that converts synthesis gas (syngas)—a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂)—into liquid hydrocarbons that can be refined into diesel, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), gasoline,...

Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an advanced thermochemical conversion technology that transforms wet biomass into energy-dense biocrude oil under high-temperature and high-pressure water conditions. Unlike pyrolysis and gasification, HTL eliminates the need for...

Transesterification

Transesterification is the most widely used technology for producing biodiesel, converting vegetable oils, animal fats, used cooking oil, and other lipid-rich feedstocks into fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol through a catalytic reaction with methanol...