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[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Itaconic acid (IA) is a promising bio-based platform chemical used in the production of biodegradable plastics, resins, adhesives, coatings, and superabsorbent polymers. Traditionally derived via fermentation, itaconic...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-60px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-39px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Succinonitrile (SN) is a versatile organic compound characterized by two nitrile groups attached to a four-carbon backbone. It serves as a critical intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-96px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Acetone is a key industrial solvent used in plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, traditionally derived from petroleum-based processes like cumene oxidation. However, rising interest in biobased chemicals...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-62px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-36px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid derived from the oxidation of glucose, known for its non-toxic, biodegradable nature and broad applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-87px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Terpenes are a diverse class of hydrocarbons built from isoprene units (C₅H₈), forming the backbone of many bioactive compounds, flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and even biofuels. Naturally produced...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-39px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-56px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Methacrylic acid (MAA) is a crucial monomer in the production of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic glass, used in automotive parts, paints, coatings, and...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-82px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Biogas, produced through anaerobic digestion of organic waste, contains roughly 50–65% methane (CH₄) and 35–50% carbon dioxide (CO₂), along with traces of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), water vapor,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-62px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_padding="0px|||||" custom_margin="-33px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Hydroxyacids are organic compounds containing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional group. These versatile molecules serve as building blocks in biodegradable...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms known for their fast growth, high lipid content, and ability to fix CO₂, making them powerful candidates for next-generation biofuels. Traditionally, biofuel...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-67px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-32px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) is a 12-carbon aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with key applications in high-performance nylons (e.g., nylon-6,12), polyesters, adhesives, lubricants, and resins. Traditionally, DDDA is produced...