Category : Uncategorized

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-100px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Lactic acid is a versatile organic acid used in bioplastics (PLA), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preservatives. Traditionally produced using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) under controlled pH and...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-72px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-27px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a key bio-based platform chemical recognized for its versatility in producing acrylic acid, bioplastics, and specialty polymers. It features both hydroxyl (-OH)...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Itaconic acid (IA) is a promising bio-based platform chemical used in the production of biodegradable plastics, resins, adhesives, coatings, and superabsorbent polymers. Traditionally derived via fermentation, itaconic...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-60px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-39px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Succinonitrile (SN) is a versatile organic compound characterized by two nitrile groups attached to a four-carbon backbone. It serves as a critical intermediate in pharmaceutical synthesis,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-96px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Acetone is a key industrial solvent used in plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, traditionally derived from petroleum-based processes like cumene oxidation. However, rising interest in biobased chemicals...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-62px|auto||auto||" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" custom_margin="-36px|||||" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid derived from the oxidation of glucose, known for its non-toxic, biodegradable nature and broad applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-87px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Terpenes are a diverse class of hydrocarbons built from isoprene units (C₅H₈), forming the backbone of many bioactive compounds, flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and even biofuels. Naturally produced...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-82px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Biogas, produced through anaerobic digestion of organic waste, contains roughly 50–65% methane (CH₄) and 35–50% carbon dioxide (CO₂), along with traces of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), water vapor,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms known for their fast growth, high lipid content, and ability to fix CO₂, making them powerful candidates for next-generation biofuels. Traditionally, biofuel...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-95px|||||" hover_enabled="0" global_colors_info="{}" sticky_enabled="0"]Introduction Electrofuels, also called e-fuels, are liquid fuels generated by storing electrical energy—typically from renewable sources—into chemical bonds. One of the most promising approaches for producing electrofuels is...