Insights

Introduction Producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass often involves two distinct approaches: Thermochemical processing, such as pyrolysis or...

Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO₂), the most abundant greenhouse gas, is often viewed as waste. But with the rise of carbon capture and synthetic...

Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO₂) to methanol conversion represents a critical pathway in the transition to a circular carbon economy. As CO₂ levels...

Introduction Lignocellulosic biomass—comprising agricultural residues, forestry waste, and non-edible plants—is the most abundant renewable carbon...

Introduction Algae, particularly microalgae, are fast-growing photosynthetic organisms capable of producing large quantities of lipids (fats), which...

Introduction Hydrogen (H₂) is a clean and high-energy fuel that plays a crucial role in the global shift towards decarbonized energy systems. Among...

Introduction Lignocellulosic biomass—such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, and dedicated energy crops—contains two major types of...

Introduction Cyanobacteria—oxygenic, photosynthetic prokaryotes—have gained immense attention as solar-powered cell factories for sustainable fuel...

Introduction Ethanol production by yeast, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a cornerstone of the global biofuel economy. Traditionally used...

Introduction Cellulosic biomass—such as agricultural residues, forestry waste, and energy crops—contains abundant polysaccharides (cellulose and...

Introduction Agricultural residues such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, and other crop byproducts are abundant,...

Introduction While microalgae are best known for photosynthetic lipid production, certain species can also grow heterotrophically—using organic...

Introduction Nucleotide sugars are activated sugar donors involved in glycosylation, the process of attaching sugars to proteins, lipids, and small...

Introduction Microbial Electrochemical Cells (MECs) are innovative bioelectrochemical systems that leverage the metabolic activity of microbes to...

Introduction Anaerobic Co-Digestion (AcoD) is an advanced biological process that involves simultaneous digestion of multiple organic waste streams...