Category : Sustainability

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-88px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Aromatic amino acids (AAAs)—primarily phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan—are key building blocks in biology and crucial precursors in the biosynthesis of natural flavors, fragrances, sweeteners, and nutraceuticals. These amino acids...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Vitamins are essential micronutrients required for human health, but many cannot be synthesized by the body and must be sourced externally. Traditionally produced via chemical synthesis or plant extraction,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-88px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Syngas—a mixture of CO, CO₂, and H₂—is a valuable intermediate generated from gasification of biomass, municipal solid waste, or industrial flue gases. Traditionally, converting syngas into fuels relies on...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen (H₂), is generated from gasification of biomass, municipal waste, or industrial emissions. While traditionally used in thermochemical...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-86px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Butanol, a four-carbon alcohol, is gaining renewed interest as a next-generation biofuel and green industrial solvent. It offers several advantages over ethanol: higher energy density, lower volatility, better blend...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-98px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Algae—micro or macro, photoautotrophic or heterotrophic—are versatile biological factories capable of producing lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, and valuable secondary metabolites. While algal biofuels like biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas have...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-88px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction As the world seeks carbon-neutral alternatives to fossil fuels, photoautotrophic microorganisms—organisms that use light as an energy source and CO₂ as a carbon source—are emerging as ideal biofuel producers....

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-87px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass often involves two distinct approaches: Thermochemical processing, such as pyrolysis or gasification, which breaks down biomass at high temperatures into bio-oil or syngas Biochemical...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-93px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO₂), the most abundant greenhouse gas, is often viewed as waste. But with the rise of carbon capture and synthetic biology, it is increasingly seen as a...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-89px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Algae, particularly microalgae, are fast-growing photosynthetic organisms capable of producing large quantities of lipids (fats), which can be converted into biodiesel and other biofuels. While native algal strains offer...