Category :

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Triethyl citrate (TEC) is a biodegradable, non-toxic plasticizer and solvent used in pharmaceutical coatings, cosmetics, food additives (E number E1505), and bioplastics. Conventionally produced from fossil-based ethanol and citric acid,...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-95px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Bio-methanol production typically uses biogenic carbon sources to generate synthesis gas (syngas), which is catalytically converted into methanol. Key Pathways: Gasification of Biomass: Agricultural residues, wood waste, or municipal solid...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-100px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Algae, the microscopic engines of photosynthesis, are emerging as powerful platforms for producing lipids—key feedstocks for biofuels, nutraceuticals, and cosmetic oils. With superior biomass productivity, ability to grow on non-arable...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Direct Air Capture (DAC) is a technology that captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly from the atmosphere, addressing diffuse emissions that traditional capture systems can’t reach. When combined with biofuel...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Metabolic engineering involves the redesign of microorganisms by modifying their genes and enzyme systems to produce targeted compounds more efficiently. A key application of this field is the biosynthesis of...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-94px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Photosynthetic efficiency refers to how effectively an organism converts sunlight into chemical energy. In the context of cyanobacteria, it’s the ability to capture solar energy and fix atmospheric CO₂ into...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-100px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process where microorganisms break down organic matter—such as food waste, manure, or sewage sludge—in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas (mainly methane and...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-95px|||||" custom_padding="0px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Syngas fermentation is an emerging biotechnological solution that converts synthesis gas—a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and hydrogen (H₂)—into sustainable biofuels and value-added chemicals. Using specialized...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-91px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a multi-enzyme complex that plays a central role in the biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids from simple building blocks like acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Fatty...

[et_pb_section fb_built="1" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_row _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_column type="4_4" _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" global_colors_info="{}"][et_pb_text _builder_version="4.24.1" _module_preset="default" custom_margin="-93px|||||" global_colors_info="{}"]Introduction Lignin, one of the three primary components of plant biomass (alongside cellulose and hemicellulose), is a highly complex, aromatic polymer that provides structural integrity and resistance to microbial degradation....